Reports and Data
Rethinking Rehabilitation for Women in Prison
Council on Criminal Justice | July 2026
Draws on focus groups with correctional leaders from 17 states to examine behavioral health, trauma, prison culture, reentry preparation, family relationships, and barriers to effective rehabilitation for women.
The Rising Cost of Women’s Justice System Involvement
Council on Criminal Justice | June 2026
Examines the current and projected costs of women’s incarceration, detention, probation, and parole, including costs carried by families, caregivers, communities, and government agencies.
What Happens When Women Serve Less Time in Prison?
Council on Criminal Justice | June 2026
Models how reductions in women’s prison sentences could affect arrests, prison populations, public safety, and correctional spending in Illinois and North Carolina.
Advancing Women’s Justice: What We Should Know, But Don’t
Council on Criminal Justice | February 2026
Identifies major gaps in research and data involving women and policing, pretrial detention, sentencing, behavioral health, caregiving, trauma, and alternatives to incarceration.
States of Women’s Incarceration: The Global Context 2025
Prison Policy Initiative | September 2025
Compares women’s incarceration rates in every U.S. state with rates in countries around the world, placing the scale of women’s incarceration in the United States within a global context.
New National Data Help Fill a 20-Year Gap: Offense Data for People in Jail
Prison Policy Initiative | April 2025
Provides updated sex-disaggregated jail data, including the finding that three-quarters of women in local jails had a nonviolent top charge.
Report on the Restraint of Pregnant Incarcerated People
Texas Commission on Jail Standards | August 2025
Examines reported uses of restraints on pregnant and recently postpartum people in Texas county jails during 2024, including the circumstances cited to justify their use.
Birth Behind Bars: Ten Years of U.S. Jail Births
Prison Policy Initiative | July 2025
Documents reported cases in which pregnant people experienced labor and childbirth in jail without timely medical care, adequate assistance, or basic safety protections.
New Data on Pregnancy Prevalence, Outcomes, and Programs in Prisons
Prison Policy Initiative | May 2025
Analyzes federal data on pregnancy prevalence and outcomes, pregnancy testing, prenatal care, postpartum support, and prison nursery programs.
Juvenile Justice: Past Lessons, Future Directions
Council on Criminal Justice | September 2025
Reviews long-term changes in youth offending and incarceration and considers approaches that promote accountability, opportunity, and public safety.
Youth Confinement: The Whole Pie 2025
Prison Policy Initiative | August 2025
Provides a national overview of who is confined, where young people are held, racial disparities, facility conditions, detention before adjudication, and opportunities to reduce youth confinement.
Biennial Report on Juvenile Justice Populations, Fiscal Years 2018–2030
Texas Legislative Budget Board | January 2025
Provides statewide data and projections on youth referrals, probation, residential confinement, parole, costs, revocations, and recidivism throughout the Texas juvenile justice system.
Investigation of the Texas Juvenile Justice Department
U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division | August 2024
Reports findings of unconstitutional conditions across Texas’s five secure youth facilities, including excessive force, sexual abuse, prolonged isolation, inadequate mental health treatment, and discrimination against children with disabilities.
Disability Research Library
Prison Policy Initiative | Continuously updated
Curates research and key statistics on the prevalence of disability throughout the criminal legal system and the challenges faced by people with cognitive, physical, sensory, and other disabilities in jails, prisons, probation, and parole.
New Research: How Past Incarceration Affects People Later in Life
Prison Policy Initiative | June 2026
Reviews research connecting incarceration histories with disability, mobility and vision impairments, chronic illness, difficulty completing daily activities, inadequate healthcare access, and premature mortality.
New Study Finds Confined Neurodivergent Youth of Color Are Particularly Vulnerable to Physical Assault by Staff
Prison Policy Initiative | August 2025
Examines how race, disability, and neurodivergence intersect with youth confinement and reports disparities in physical assault by facility staff.
New Research Links Medical Copays to Reduced Healthcare Access in Prisons
Prison Policy Initiative | August 2024
Reviews evidence that prison medical fees can discourage people from seeking necessary treatment within a population experiencing high rates of physical and mental health conditions.
6 Facts About the Mass Incarceration of LGBTQ+ People
Prison Policy Initiative | June 2024
Summarizes research on the disproportionate criminalization and incarceration of LGBTQIA+ adults and youth, including transgender imprisonment, homelessness, policing, sentencing, HIV criminalization, and access to healthcare.
Texas Incarceration Profile
Prison Policy Initiative | Continuously updated
Compiles Texas data on prisons, jails, youth confinement, probation and parole, women’s incarceration, racial disparities, healthcare, pretrial detention, and other parts of the state’s criminal legal system.
Texas Department of Criminal Justice Fiscal Year 2025 Statistical Report
Texas Department of Criminal Justice | 2026
Provides official statewide statistics on people incarcerated or supervised by TDCJ, including data by gender, age, race, offense, custody level, sentence length, releases, parole, and community supervision.
Biennial Report on Adult Criminal Justice Populations, Fiscal Years 2018–2030
Texas Legislative Budget Board | January 2025
Presents Texas incarceration and supervision trends, population projections, correctional costs, parole data, and recidivism and revocation outcomes.